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Stanford University, School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA.


Stanford University has a remarkable teaching tool called Positive Self-Management Program (PSMP). It coaches people with chronic diseases such as, HIV/AIDS, Malaria, and others, how to live well and live active lives. The PSMP will not conflict with existing programs or treatment designed to enhance regular treatment or HIV-specific education.


While at Stanford University, Dr. Allen Gifford received a grant from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation to develop and pilot a community-based self-management program to assist positive HIV individuals. This study was completed in 1997. The program was evaluated with over 200 HIV positive individuals in a random and controlled test.


Outcome measures are categorized into four areas:

1. Health Behaviors

  1. • Exercise

  2. • Communication with Physicians

  3. • Healthy Eating

2.  Health Status

  1. • Self-rated Health

  2. • Fatigue Visual Numeric Scale

  3. • Pain Visual Numeric Scale

  4. • Shortness of Breath Visual Numeric Scale

  5. • Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) Disability Scale

  6. • Health Distress

  7. • Social/Role Activity Limitation Scale

  8. • Depression

3.  Care Utilization

4.  Self-Efficacy

  1. • Chronic Disease Self-efficacy Scale


International Consultants and Associates (IC&A) have a licensed agreement with Stanford University, School of Medicine to globally deliver the PSMP program. We have found this program to be especially successful combined with our HIV/AIDS prevention and community development programs in eight African nations.

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